Science Menu
Courses
For further information on the following courses, consult:
- Email: Biology Chair
- or the faculty responsible for the course (see list of faculty)
For more information about the BSc program or about our majors and honours programs, please consult the TRU Calendar. For course scheduling, please consult TRU's online Course Schedule.
LEGEND
(L) indicates a lab fee will be assessed.
Vectoring: (lecture hours per week, seminar hours per week, lab hours per week)
BIOL 0500 General Biology (5,0,2) BIOL 0500 General Biology (5,0,2)Credits: 4 credits ABE - Advanced: This basic Biology course introduces students to the fundamentals of Biology. It includes a brief study of the cell, Binomial Nomenclature, and the major Phyla of Plant and Animal Kingdoms. Fundamentals of plant and animal physiology are introduced with emphasis on the inter-relationship among living organisms.
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BIOL 0600 Human Biology (5,0,2)(L) BIOL 0600 Human Biology (5,0,2)(L)Credits: 4 credits ABE - Provincial: A study of the major principles of human anatomy and physiology from the origin of atoms and elements through to the structure and function of molecules, cells, tissues, organs and body systems. Introduces the basic principles of Genetics and Evolution. Laboratory work involves organizing observations, drawing conclusions and effective communication.
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BIOL 0620 Introduction to Life Sciences (5,0,2)(L) BIOL 0620 Introduction to Life Sciences (5,0,2)(L)Credits: 4 credits ABE - Provincial: This course introduces students to ecological principles, stressing interdependence between the form and function of organisms that enables them to survive in their environment.
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BIOL 1040 Biology of the Environment (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 1040 Biology of the Environment (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Non-science students who have a keen interest in the environment focus on the underlying ecological principles that shape our world. They examine evolution and the ecological diversity to which it leads. Students consider the effects of the tremendous increase in human population growth on renewable and non-renewable resources, acid rain, climate change, toxins in the environment, and the biodiversity crisis. For each of these topics there is a discussion on how to find sustainable solutions. Labs and field trips enhance student's learning experience.
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BIOL 1050 Biology of Humans (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 1050 Biology of Humans (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course is designed as a science elective for Arts and Education students, or others interested in Human Biology; no previous background in biology or science is required. Students learn about the molecules, cells and tissues that comprise the human body, selected body systems, and diseases that affect them. Cell division and cancer is discussed, as well as the structure and function of DNA. Inheritance, genetic diseases and genetic engineering are also considered. Labs contribute to the understanding of this material by providing hands-on experience. Students participate in a group project to research a topic of their choice in relation to any human disease.
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BIOL 1110 Principles of Biology 1 (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 1110 Principles of Biology 1 (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course is designed for biology or science majors. Students examine the molecular basis of cellular processes including energy transfer and the storage and use of genetic information.
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BIOL 1210 Principles of Biology 2 (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 1210 Principles of Biology 2 (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students will explore evolution as unifying principle of biology: how it occurs, and how it leads to increasing biological diversity through speciation. They will develop an understanding of how evolutionary opportunities and constraints are reflected in the history of life on Earth and will examine the evolutionary conundrum of sexual reproduction (or lack thereof) in both plants and animals. They will develop important skills useful for biologists such as working in teams, finding and disseminating information, conducting research projects by developing and testing hypotheses, and communicating research results effectively.
Pre-requisites: Life Sciences 11 with a minimum grade of C+ or Anatomy & Physiology 12 with a minimum grade of C+ or BIOL 0500 with a score of C+ or better or BIOL 0600 with a score of C+ or better or BIOL 0620 with a score of C+ or better and Chemistry 11 with a score of C+ or better or CHEM 0500 with a score of C+ or better |
BIOL 1592 Human Biology: Anatomy and Physiology 1 (3,0,0) BIOL 1592 Human Biology: Anatomy and Physiology 1 (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits This course is intended primarily for students taking the Nursing and Respiratory Therapy programs. However, space is also available for Academic students. Students examine the anatomy and physiology of human organ systems over the course of two semesters, while focusing on the relationship between structure and function.
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BIOL 1692 Human Biology: Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3,0,0) BIOL 1692 Human Biology: Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students examine the anatomy and physiology of the human organ systems over the course of two semesters, while focusing on the relationship between structure and function.
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BIOL 2130 Cell Biology (3,1,3) BIOL 2130 Cell Biology (3,1,3)Credits: 3 credits Students will explore the structure, organization and function of the eukaryotic cell. They will examine specific cellular processes related to membrane structure, function and transport of small molecules, intracellular membrane systems, protein targeting and movement, cellular signaling, cytoskeletal function, and intercellular communication. They will learn about some of the major ideas and experimental approaches that have advanced our view of the intracellular landscape and appreciate how these have promoted a better understanding of human disease. In seminars and labs they will practice the process of scientific inquiry and develop relevant skills including scientific communication, problem solving, data handling and collaboration. |
BIOL 2160 Introductory Microbiology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 2160 Introductory Microbiology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to the world of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses, and the important roles they play in ecosystem health. Focusing on the principles and applications of microbiology, course topics include microbial physiology; growth and growth control; gene transfer; gene expression and environmental sensing; disease; and environmental biotechnologies such as wastewater treatment, bioremediation and industrial microbiology. Laboratory sessions provide hands-on training in cell culture techniques, applied microbiology, and manipulation of DNA.
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BIOL 2170 Introduction to Ecology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 2170 Introduction to Ecology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Ecology can be described as the scientific study of the natural world. Students are introduced to the basic principles of ecology, and examine relationships among organisms and their environment: from the level of the individual up through populations, communities and ecosystems.
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BIOL 2280 The Evolution and Ecology of Land Plants (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 2280 The Evolution and Ecology of Land Plants (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Through an evolutionary perspective, students examine solutions to the difficulties of life on land that are inherent in the biology of land plants. The course spans groups of plants ranging from miniscule bryophytes to gargantuan trees, both extant and extinct. A weekend field trip is included.
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BIOL 2290 Evolution of Animal Body Plans (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 2290 Evolution of Animal Body Plans (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students explore the spectacular diversity of animal body plans, and examine the sequence of events that lead to this diversity. Lectures and laboratories emphasize the link between body form, function and phylogeny. The course highlights the diverse roles animals play in natural ecosystems as well as their implications for humans, and examines how animal morphology, development, and molecular biology allows us to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of the Animalia.
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BIOL 2340 Introduction to Genetics (3,1,3) BIOL 2340 Introduction to Genetics (3,1,3)Credits: 3 credits Students explore the connections between the genetic composition of an organism and the outward expression of characteristics. They gain an appreciation for genetics as an exciting and important field, which lets them delve deeper into topics such as genetic engineering, regulation of gene expression and other aspects of molecular biology and biotechnology. They examine classical Transmission Genetics, which encompasses the basic principles of heredity and how traits are passed from one generation to the next. They also develop a basic understanding of Population Genetics, which explores the genetic composition of groups of individuals of the same species and how that composition changes over time and space.
Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 with a score of C minimum and BIOL 1210 with a score of C minimum.
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BIOL 3000 Biometrics (3,0,2)(L) BIOL 3000 Biometrics (3,0,2)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to statistical procedures for biological research. Topics include the nature of data, probability, hypothesis testing, goodness of fit, analysis of variance, correlation, and regression. The computer lab laboratory provides students with hands-on computer experience in graphical and statistical analysis.
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BIOL 3010 Bioinformatics (2,1,2)(L) BIOL 3010 Bioinformatics (2,1,2)(L)Credits: 3 credits Bioinformatic tools are essential in modern molecular biology, biochemistry and ecology. High throughput DNA, RNA and protein sequencing tools have transformed the way we look at the biological world, and the data sets that life scientists currently face are larger than they have ever been. Students develop research skills required for framing strong hypotheses and performing robust experiments using large DNA and protein sequencing data sets. They examine approaches for data quality assessment and evaluation of bioinformatic tools, which are major themes of the course. Laboratory time provides hands-on experience with analysis of DNA, RNA and protein sequence data, and introduces basic computing tools that are useful for moving data between computer databases and programs.
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BIOL 3030 Population Biology (3,1,0) BIOL 3030 Population Biology (3,1,0)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to the study of plant and animal populations and their physical and biological environments. Topics include natural selection and microevolution, demography, population dynamics, competition and predation.
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BIOL 3100 Introduction to Animal Behaviour (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 3100 Introduction to Animal Behaviour (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students in this course seek answers to questions about why animals behave the way they do. They learn about
alternative ways to approach this topic, including thinking about what determines the mechanisms responsible for
behaviour as well as focusing on the adaptiveness and evolution of behaviour. In lab, students undertake various
exercises in observing and experimentally manipulating animal behaviour to test hypotheses about its causes and
functions. Students learn skills critical for biologists, such as working in teams, analyzing and interpreting data,
conducting research projects, developing and testing hypotheses, and communicating results in both written and oral
form.
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BIOL 3110 Field Ornithology (1,1,4) BIOL 3110 Field Ornithology (1,1,4)Credits: 3 credits This course provides an introduction to the study and identification of birds, with a major emphasis on the birds of British Columbia. By the end of the course, students should be able to recognize most of the birds found in the Kamloops area and be familiar with basic aspects of the ecology and behavior of these species. In addition, this course is designed to help students develop the skills needed to work with birds in the field. To this end, various aspects of bird biology are studied in the lab and the classroom, as well as in the field.
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BIOL 3130 Introduction to Biochemistry (3,0,0) BIOL 3130 Introduction to Biochemistry (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students examine central concepts in biochemistry, including the importance of water, buffers, pH and maintaining chemical equilibria within the internal environment of cells. Students conduct in-depth analysis of the structure and function of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, including polymer formation from monomers, nomenclature and the importance of primary and secondary bonding in maintaining three dimensional configurations of these biomolecules within the cellular environment. Finally, students examine the mode of action and classification of enzymes, and derivations of the Lineweaver-Burke plot and the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters from experimental data.
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BIOL 3200 Immunology (3,0,0) BIOL 3200 Immunology (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students examine the basic cellular, molecular and regulatory principles of, and the key players in the immune
system. Students explore differences and relationships between innate and adaptive immunity and learn how
immune cells develop and function to mount efficient and measured actions. Students consider responses to
infectious microorganisms, allergy and autoimmunity, basic transplantology as well as links between immunology
and cancer.
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BIOL 3210 Microbial Ecology (3,0,0) BIOL 3210 Microbial Ecology (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits This course addresses the importance of microorganisms in nature and societies. The interrelationship between microorganisms, plants, animals and their habitats and the role of these relationships in the maintenance of ecological balance is emphasized.
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BIOL 3220 Natural History (2,0,4) BIOL 3220 Natural History (2,0,4)Credits: 3 credits Defined as "the direct knowledge of organisms in their environments," natural history remains a critical link between science and society. In this course, students learn to identify the dominant flora and fauna, as well as their patterns of distribution, in key ecosystems throughout southern British Columbia (or another regional location). Students synthesize key climatic, geological and biotic processes responsible for the observed patterns. Through close reading and emulation of writer-naturalists, students relate the science of natural history to a larger human truth or societal concern. In addition, students evaluate the changing relationship between humans and their inhabited landscapes by considering such topics as invasive species, habitat fragmentation and climate change.
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BIOL 3230 Biochemistry (3,0,0) BIOL 3230 Biochemistry (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students analyze, and achieve an understanding of, metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, including glycolysis, fermentation and respiration and oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids. Students focus on the synthesis and degradation of macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), and consider the regulatory mechanisms involved in these processes.
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BIOL 3260 Field Botany (1,1,4)(L) BIOL 3260 Field Botany (1,1,4)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course is an introduction to flowering plant identification and taxonomy of the flora found within a given region. This field-trip based course emphasizes the descriptive morphology and technical identification of the local flora. Students are required to submit a plant collection of twenty-five specimens.
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BIOL 3290 Ichthyology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 3290 Ichthyology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course educates students in the systematics, anatomy, physiology, life history, and ecology of freshwater and marine fishes. Students learn to identify local freshwater fishes, and salmon species.
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BIOL 3310 Developmental Biology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 3310 Developmental Biology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students explore animal development and its underlying principles, including an introduction to embryology.
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BIOL 3350 Molecular Genetics (3,1,0) BIOL 3350 Molecular Genetics (3,1,0)Credits: 3 credits The discipline of molecular genetics focuses on the structure, organization and regulated expression of heritable information molecules. A significant segment of the course is devoted to the molecular tools used to query and manipulate biological systems. Students also read and discuss current literature on molecular genetics in Seminars.
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BIOL 3400 From DNA to Ecosystems: Reading and Writing Great Biology (1,2,0) BIOL 3400 From DNA to Ecosystems: Reading and Writing Great Biology (1,2,0)Credits: 3 credits Students examine critical issues in the diversity of life through the lens of great writing. Through weekly readings, students explore topics in biology that have inspired biologists to write for broad audiences. Students integrate their understanding of biology's foundational role in modern life with the necessity of sharing its stories. Students analyze and practice well-known story-telling techniques in their own writing. To improve the biological stories they tell, students do two things: read a lot and write a lot.
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BIOL 3430 Plants and People (3,0,2)(L) BIOL 3430 Plants and People (3,0,2)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students explore plants' and peoples' reciprocal use of one another as biological, cultural and ecological agents of change. Students analyze how different ways of knowing influence our understanding of the human-plant interactions underwriting Indigenous-land relationships, the advent of agriculture, European colonialism, globalization, and sustainability. Students contextualize global patterns of economic botany through local food projects situated in their own ecosystem. Students create new understanding of their own relationship with plants through interdisciplinary projects that integrate creative approaches (illustrated journals, story maps, non-fiction writing) with scientific content.
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BIOL 3510 Plant Physiology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 3510 Plant Physiology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to the mechanisms and regulation of functional processes within plants that contribute to their growth, assimilation, transport and utilization of water, nutrients, and carbon.
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BIOL 3520 Cell Physiology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 3520 Cell Physiology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to the physiochemical basis for cellular activity, with emphasis on energy relationships, functions of cell parts, integration and internal control of cellular activities, and the mechanisms of influence of external factors. Laboratory work provides hands-on experience with the techniques and apparatus used to study cell function.
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BIOL 3540 Human Physiology 1 (3,0,3*)(L) BIOL 3540 Human Physiology 1 (3,0,3*)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course provides an introduction to the concepts, principles, and mechanisms that underlie our current understanding of vertebrate physiology. Students explore the components of homeostatic control systems and investigate the integration of these components into functional systems that maintain the steady state in the internal environment.
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BIOL 3550 Human Physiology 2 (3,0,3*)(L) BIOL 3550 Human Physiology 2 (3,0,3*)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students examine the systems that allow animals to maintain homeostasis under a variety of environmental conditions and levels of activity. Topics include gas exchange, regulation of water balance and inorganic ions, digestion and absorption of food, and the regulation of metabolism.
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BIOL 3800 Fermentation Processes in Food and Pharmaceutical Production (3,0,0) BIOL 3800 Fermentation Processes in Food and Pharmaceutical Production (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students develop an appreciation for the unlimited biochemical capabilities of microorganisms and learn that a great variety of new or unusual compounds, which may be beneficial, may be produced from various microbial isolates. They explore the microbial and fermentation processes that are important in industrial microbiology and fermentation technology. They realize that knowing the factors critical to fermentation processes enables them to develop and improve compounds for industrial use. Students explore principles of fermentation technology, including factors that have an impact on the biochemical and physiological processes relevant to the industrial microbiology of selected products. They discuss some of these products as case studies.
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BIOL 3980 Introduction to Research (0,1,0) BIOL 3980 Introduction to Research (0,1,0)Credits: 1 credits This course is available to 3rd year students contemplating entry into the Honours program or undertaking a Directed Studies research project in their 4th year. The seminar focuses on formulation of a research hypothesis and production of a research proposal in preparation for application to do an Honours or Directed Study research project. Honours students are expected to take this course, although the learning objectives may be completed under the supervision of an individual faculty member.
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BIOL 4020 Limnology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 4020 Limnology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits This course offers theoretical and applied aspects of limnology. Students consider the ecology of inland water organisms in relation to the physical, chemical, and biological factors that affect their interactions and production. One weekend field trip is required.
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BIOL 4090 Field Methods in Terrestrial Ecology (125 hours) BIOL 4090 Field Methods in Terrestrial Ecology (125 hours)Credits: 3 credits Students identify the “pieces, patterns and processes" of terrestrial ecology while in residence at the Wells Gray Education and Research Center. Students practice field techniques with instructors and visiting biologists. Students situate observations within ecological theories and develop testable hypotheses in teams. Students integrate their understanding of field ecology's theory and practice by collecting, analyzing and interpreting field data into professional-level reports and orally present their conclusions to their peers. Students appreciate theory of good leadership and practice strategies for conflict resolution and consensus building while working in teams. Students articulate importance of responsible leadership that prioritizes health and safety while working in remote field locations.
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BIOL 4100 Field Methods in Marine Ecology (125 hours) BIOL 4100 Field Methods in Marine Ecology (125 hours)Credits: 3 credits Students participate in an intensive two-week exploration in the field methods used to study marine ecosystems. The course is typically offered immediately after exams in the Winter semester (usually late April or early May). Students learn field and laboratory techniques for sampling, experimentation, and analysis of marine organisms and ecosystems, and carry out individual projects of their own design. Facilities such as the Bamfield Marine Station are utilized, and a fee is required to meet living expenses.
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BIOL 4110 Advanced Microbiology Lab (1,1,3)(L) BIOL 4110 Advanced Microbiology Lab (1,1,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students apply theories learned in microbiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology in a hands-on laboratory environment. Emphasis is placed on gaining a deeper understanding of microbial physiology and ecology, and harnessing the diversity of the microbial world to produce value-added products. Students are involved in all aspects of the scientific process including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing formal written reports.
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BIOL 4120 Evolution of Flowers (3,0,0) BIOL 4120 Evolution of Flowers (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits The evolution of flowers has been described as an "abominable mystery." This course examines the evolutionary processes responsible for the extraordinary diversity of flowers. Students consider important trends in floral evolution including variation and speciation, plant mating systems, hybridization and polyploidization, as well as the co-evolutionary processes between flowers and their animal pollinators.
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BIOL 4130 Molecular Evolution (3,0,0) BIOL 4130 Molecular Evolution (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits The theory of evolution is the single thread that binds together the diverse disciplines that make up the biological sciences. The development of DNA sequencing methodologies since the turn of the century has had an enormous impact on our understanding of the process of evolution. Students focus on how DNA sequence informs us about evolutionary processes.
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BIOL 4140 Evolution (3,0,0) BIOL 4140 Evolution (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students examine some of the major tenets of evolutionary theory, learning about historical approaches to, as well as cutting-edge research on, the topic. They develop an understanding of micro- and macroevolution, sexual selection, the history of life on earth, and human evolution. Students conduct evolutionary analyses that involve choosing a relevant question about trait evolution, gathering data to answer the question, reconstructing phylogenies, conducting phylogenetically controlled analyses, and communicating their findings to others. They examine current topics in evolutionary biology, conducting in-depth research on a topic and presenting on it to classmates.
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BIOL 4150 Biochemical Techniques 1 (1,1,3)(L) BIOL 4150 Biochemical Techniques 1 (1,1,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students gain hands-on laboratory experience in biochemical techniques, specifically those used in the isolation and quantification of biomolecules. They learn the biochemical applications of column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, enzymatic assays, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
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BIOL 4160 Principles of Conservation Biology (2,2,0) BIOL 4160 Principles of Conservation Biology (2,2,0)Credits: 3 credits Students explore the scientific foundations and real-world practice of conservation biology. They focus on the importance of biological diversity to the functioning of ecosystems and the services those ecosystems provide to human societies. Students learn about the primary threats to biodiversity, the main approaches to biodiversity conservation at various scales, and investigate conflicting ethical values around the conservation of biodiversity. They evaluate the relevant primary scientific literature and use and apply field and analytical tools commonly employed in conservation practice.
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BIOL 4210 Microbial Physiology (3,0,0) BIOL 4210 Microbial Physiology (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students are introduced to the diversity and complexities of the biochemistry and physiology of microbes. The emphasis is on bacterial growth and its modifications in different environments.
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BIOL 4250 Biochemical Techniques 2 (Recombinant DNA) (1,1,3)(L) BIOL 4250 Biochemical Techniques 2 (Recombinant DNA) (1,1,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits In this laboratory-based course, students practice the techniques used to isolate and manipulate nucleic acids. Emphasis is placed on the development of basic laboratory skills and their application to manipulate recombinant DNA molecules.
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BIOL 4260 Plant Ecology (3,0,3)(L) BIOL 4260 Plant Ecology (3,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits Students examine the ecology of plants at an individual, population, and community scale. The ecological physiological constraints of being a plant is reviewed before exploring species interactions with the natural environment and with other species. Students also consider plant community patterns in time and space. Topics include issues in plant conservation, community attributes such as productivity and diversity, and the influence of scale and heterogeneity on sampling design and analysis. Field trips may occur on weekends. This course is offered in alternate years.
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BIOL 4270 Terrestrial Vertebrate Zoology (2,0,3)(L) BIOL 4270 Terrestrial Vertebrate Zoology (2,0,3)(L)Credits: 3 credits This advanced zoology course offers an examination of the origins, natural history and behavioral ecology of terrestrial vertebrates. Students construct hypotheses about the paleontological history of each living group of terrestrial vertebrates. Traits of extinct and living forms are used to analyze how adaptation to different environments has generated the diversity within each living group. Laboratory periods and field trips provide opportunities for students to observe the classification, life histories and ecology of species found in British Columbia.
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BIOL 4350 Regulation of Gene Expression (3,0,0) BIOL 4350 Regulation of Gene Expression (3,0,0)Credits: 3 credits Students take an in-depth look into the heritable information stored in the genome of an organism and learn how this information is expressed in a highly regulated fashion to respond to changes in the environment or to generate a diverse set of cell types. They examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression with emphasis on mammalian cells and realize the importance of epigenetics and the epigenome. Students explore new and ongoing research that is continuously uncovering the role of epigenetics in a variety of human disorders and fatal diseases.
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BIOL 4480 Directed Studies in Biology (L) BIOL 4480 Directed Studies in Biology (L)Credits: 3 credits This course is designed to allow students to undertake an investigation on a specific topic as agreed upon by the faculty member and the student.
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BIOL 4490 ***Advanced Seminar - Selected Topics in Biology (1,2,0) BIOL 4490 ***Advanced Seminar - Selected Topics in Biology (1,2,0)Credits: 3 credits In this advanced seminar course, students focus on recent developments in modern biology. Topics are selected from the instructor's area of expertise and vary from year to year.
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BIOL 4600 Microscopy Techniques (1,2,0) BIOL 4600 Microscopy Techniques (1,2,0)Credits: 3 credits Students learn about basic optics as well as types of microscopy from compound light microscopes and fluoescence microscopes to transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Students will be exposed to the basic methods of preparing samples for examination by light and electron microscopy.
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BIOL 4980 Honours Seminar in Biological Sciences (0,2,0) BIOL 4980 Honours Seminar in Biological Sciences (0,2,0)Credits: 2 credits Students enrolled in the Biology Honours program explore and discuss topics of particular relevance to the field of biological science with a focus on how scientific research is carried out and presented. Honours students are also provided with constructive criticism of their thesis research project. The seminars consist of readings, group discussions, and presentations by students, interested faculty and guest speakers.
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BIOL 4990 Honours Thesis in Biological Sciences BIOL 4990 Honours Thesis in Biological SciencesCredits: 6 credits Students are required to conduct an original research project in the Biology Honours program of the Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree. The project is completed under the direction of a faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences, or a scientist from outside the department with co-supervision by a Biology faculty member. Students accepted into the Biology Honours program register in this course in both the Fall and Winter semesters of their final academic year.
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