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> TRU Home > Faculty of Arts > Faculty of Arts Departments > Psychology > Psychology Resources > APA Reference Style > Empirical Checklist
Section Menu
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- English
- Geography and Environmental Studies
- Interdisciplinary Studies
- Journalism, Communication, and New Media
- Modern Languages
- Minor in Language and Global Studies
- World Languages and Cultures Certificate
- Associate of Arts (Modern Languages) Degree
- Modern Languages Certificate
- Courses
- Field Schools
- Student Success
- Language Lab
- Special Projects and Courses
- Faculty
- Financial Assistance
- Advising
- Our Vision
- Our History
- Contact us
- Philosophy, History and Politics
- Philosophy
- History
- Degree Options
- Careers in History
- History Courses
- Student Success
- Awards and Scholarships
- Handbook for History Students
- Introduction - Handbook
- Why Study History?
- Varieties of History
- Historian's Work
- Pros, Amateurs and others
- Careers
- Libraries and Research
- Taking Notes
- Formulating a Topic
- Compiling a Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Need for Recent Sources
- Where to Start
- Note-taking
- Shape of the Essay
- Style of the Essay
- Checking the Essay
- Documentation
- Bibliographies and Footnotes
- Plagiarism
- Writing Essay Examinations
- Title Pages and Formatting
- Citation Generators
- Examples
- Citation Formatting
- History Links
- History Faculty
- Political Studies
- Our Faculty
- Contact Us
- Psychology
- Sociology and Anthropology
- Theatre Arts
- Visual Arts
Empirical Checklist
APA Checklist for a Paper on an Empirical Study
General format
- Double-spaced
- 12-pt font
- Margins of at least 1 inch
Title page
- Header
- Running head
- Title centered
- Author (first name, middle initial, last name)
- Institution
Abstract
- Not indented
- Defines all abbreviations, acronyms, unique terms
- Includes 4-5 of the most important findings
- Uses 3rd person
- Doesn’t exceed 120 words
Should describe
- The problem under investigation
- Participants
- Experimental method, including procedure
- Findings
- Conclusion, and implications/applications
Introduction
- The title of the paper is the heading
- Presents the problem and describes past research
- Discusses background
- States the purpose and rationale of your paper
- States hypotheses and defines variables
Method
- The heading “Method” is centered
- How the study was conducted
- Explain the manipulation
- Detailed enough to let someone else replicate the study
- Can identify subsections: participants, procedure, materials (left aligned, italicized)
- Participants: sex, age, race/ ethnicity
- How the dependent variable is measured
Results
- Heading “Results” is centered
- Statistical data
- All relevant results, even if they don’t support your hypotheses
- Mention Tables and Figures if appropriate (located in Appendix)
Discussion
- Heading “Discussion” is centered
- In 1st paragraph: statement of support/non-support of your hypotheses
- Discuss similarities/differences between your findings and past research
- Address alternative explanations for results
- Last paragraph: -why the problem is important?
- The larger issue that hinges on results?
- What real life phenomenon is modeled/explained by the results?
References
- Reference list begins with a new page
- The heading “References” is centered
- In alphabetical order of the primary author’s last name
- Double-spaced
- Hanging indent
- Only first word in the title of a reference source is capitalized
- All citations made in the paper must be in the reference list
- All reference sources must be cited in the text
Appendix
- Each appendix starts on a new page
- Multiple appendices are labelled Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. in order that they appear in the text